Evaluating the Effectiveness of Orthognathic Surgery on the Pre-existing Temporomandibular Disorders in Patients with Malocclusion: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) for those patients with dentofacial deformities, who underwent orthognathic surgery, and the control group. It also identified whether orthognathic surgery had a positive or negative impact on TMD symptoms by comparing TMD patients, who underwent orthognathic surgery, and people did not experience this surgery. Finally, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of orthognathic surgery on the pre-existing TMDs in malocclusion patients. Material and Methods: MEDLINE, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, ISI, google scholar have been utilized as the electronic databases for systematically reviewing the literature between 2001 and February 2019. Inclusion criteria were undergoing orthognathic surgery, patients with/without pre-existing TMDs, and physical disabilities. Results: A total of 669 abstracts and titles with potential relevance have been identified in the course of the manual and electronic searches. It has been found that five studies met our inclusion criteria for a systematic review. Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) before orthognathic surgery in comparison to the controls (RR=0.02; 95% CI -0.08-0.13) and heterogeneity among the papers has been I2 = 42.86% (p=0.64). Conclusion: Malocclusion by orthognathic and orthodontics surgeries had a considerable rate of TMD compared to the controls.

Comparison of allotransplantation of fresh and vitrified mouse ovaries to the testicular tissue under influence of the static magnetic field

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of static magnetic field [SMF] during transplantation of the ovarian tissue into the testis

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, ovaries of 6- to 8-week-old female Naval Medical Research Institute [NMRI] mice were randomly divided into four groups: i. Fresh ovaries were immediately transplanted into the testicular tissue [FOT group], ii. Fresh ovaries were exposed to the SMF for 10 minutes and then transplanted into the testicular tissue [FOT+group], iii. Vitrified-warmed ovaries were transplanted into the testicular tissue [VOT group], and iv. Vitrified-warmed ovaries were transplanted into the testicular tissue and the transplantation site was then exposed to the SMF for 10 minutes [VOT+group]

Results: The lowest percentages of morphologically dead primordial follicles and the highest percentages of morphologically intact primordial follicles were seen in the FOT+ group [4.11% +/- 2.88 and 41.26% +/- 0.54, respectively]. Although the lowest significant percentage of maturation, embryonic development and fertility was observed in the VOT group as compared to the other groups, the difference in the fertility rate was not significant between the VOT and VOT+groups. Estrogen and progesterone concentrations were significantly higher in the FOT+group than those of the control mice

Conclusion: It is concluded that, exposure of the vitrified-warmed ovaries to SMF retains the structure of the graft similar to that of fresh ovaries

Genetic variability of calpastatin and calpain genes in Iranian Zel sheep using PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP methods

The genotypes for calpastatin [CAST] and calpain [CAPN] loci were determined by PCR-RFLP and PCRSSCP methods. Blood samples were collected from 200 pure-bred Zel sheep from Shirang's Zel sheep Breeding Station located in south-west of Golestan, Iran. Extraction of genomic DNA was performed based on the modified salting out method. Based on results, two investigated loci were polymorphic and had different gene variants. Heterozygosis was low for both loci. Chi-square test confirmed Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium only in CAST locus using SSCP method. Detected polymorphisms and associations of genetic variation with meat production and tenderness may help to find the effective genotypes of Zel sheep for the economic traits

Association of genetic variants of beta-lactoglobulin gene with milk production in a herd and a superior family of Holstein cattle

Polymorphism of the beta-lactoglobulin [beta-LG] gene in 101 cows belonging to the Holstein herd and a superior cow, producing more than 150 Kg milk/day, together with four offsprings was investigated by the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism [PCR-RFLP] method. In the Holstein herd, the alleles A and B of the beta-LG gene had frequencies of 0.53 and 0.47, respectively. The genotypes AA, AB and BB of the beta-LG gene were estimated to have frequencies of 0.257, 0.544 and 0.198, respectively. Genotypes were distributed according to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Results indicated that the beta-LG genotypes significantly affected [P< 0.01] milk yield [genotype AA being more effective than genotype BB]. The superior cow and her progenies were all heterozygotes [AB]